Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Edelson PJ[original query] |
---|
Conveyance contact investigation for imported Middle East Respiratory Syndrome cases, United States, May 2014
Lippold SA , Objio T , Vonnahme L , Washburn F , Cohen NJ , Chen TH , Edelson PJ , Gulati R , Hale C , Harcourt J , Haynes L , Jewett A , Jungerman R , Kohl KS , Miao C , Pesik N , Regan JJ , Roland E , Schembri C , Schneider E , Tamin A , Tatti K , Alvarado-Ramy F . Emerg Infect Dis 2017 23 (9) 1585-1589 In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted conveyance contact investigations for 2 Middle East respiratory syndrome cases imported into the United States, comprising all passengers and crew on 4 international and domestic flights and 1 bus. Of 655 contacts, 78% were interviewed; 33% had serologic testing. No secondary cases were identified. |
Tracing airline travelers for a public health investigation: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States, 2014
Regan JJ , Robynne Jungerman M , Lippold SA , Washburn F , Roland E , Objio T , Schembri C , Gulati R , Edelson PJ , Alvarado-Ramy F , Pesik N , Cohen NJ . Public Health Rep 2016 131 (4) 552-559 Objective. CDC routinely conducts contact investigations involving travelers on commercial conveyances, such as aircrafts, cargo vessels, and cruise ships. Methods. The agency used established systems of communication and partnerships with other federal agencies to quickly provide accurate traveler contact information to states and jurisdictions to alert contacts of potential exposure to two travelers with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) who had entered the United States on commercial flights in April and May 2014. Results. Applying the same process used to trace and notify travelers during routine investigations, such as those for tuberculosis or measles, CDC was able to notify most travelers of their potential exposure to MERS-CoV during the first few days of each investigation. Conclusion. To prevent the introduction and spread of newly emerging infectious diseases, travelers need to be located and contacted quickly. © 2016, Association of Schools of Public Health. All rights reserved. |
A survey of US travelers to Asia to assess compliance with recommendations for the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine
Duffy MR , Reed C , Edelson PJ , Blumensaadt S , Crocker K , Griggs A , Biggerstaff BJ , Delorey MJ , Hayes EB , Fischer M . J Travel Med 2013 20 (3) 165-70 BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is recommended for travelers to Asia whose itineraries increase their risk of exposure to JE virus. The numbers of travelers with such itineraries and the proportion of those who receive JE vaccine are unknown. We performed a survey to estimate the proportion of US travelers to Asia who receive JE vaccine according to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations. METHODS: We surveyed US residents ≥18 years old departing on 38 flights to Asia selected through a stratified random sample of all direct flights to JE-endemic countries from three US airports. We asked participants about planned itineraries and activities, sources of travel health information, JE vaccination status, and potential barriers to vaccination. Participants planning to spend ≥30 days in Asia or at least half of their time in rural areas were defined as "higher JE risk" travelers for whom vaccination should have been considered. RESULTS: Of 2,341 eligible travelers contacted, 1,691(72%) completed the survey. Among these 1,691 participants, 415 (25%) described itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. Of these 415 higher JE risk travelers, only 47 (11%) reported receiving ≥1 dose of JE vaccine. Of the 164 unvaccinated higher JE risk travelers who visited a health care provider before their trip, 113 (69%) indicated that they had never heard of JE vaccine or their health care provider had not offered or recommended JE vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: A quarter of surveyed US travelers to Asia reported planned itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. However, few of these at-risk travelers received JE vaccine. |
Patterns of measles transmission among airplane travelers
Edelson PJ . Travel Med Infect Dis 2012 10 230-5 With advanced air handling systems on modern aircraft and the high level of measles immunity in many countries, measles infection in air travelers may be considered a low-risk event. However, introduction of measles into countries where transmission has been controlled or eliminated can have substantial consequences both for the use of public health resources and for those still susceptible. In an effort to balance the relatively low likelihood of disease transmission among largely immune travelers and the risk to the public health of the occurrence of secondary cases resulting from importations, criteria in the United States for contact investigations for measles exposures consider contacts to be those passengers who are seated within 2 rows of the index case. However, recent work has shown that cabin air flow may not be as reliable a barrier to the spread of measles virus as previously believed. Along with these new studies, several reports have described measles developing after travel in passengers seated some distance from the index case. To understand better the potential for measles virus to spread on an airplane, reports of apparent secondary cases occurring in co-travelers of passengers with infectious cases of measles were reviewed. Medline was searched for articles in all languages from 1946 to week 1 of March 2012, using the search terms "measles [human] or rubeola" and ("aircraft" or "airplane" or "aeroplane" or "aviation" or "travel" or "traveler" or "traveller"); 45 citations were returned. Embase was searched from 1988 to week 11 2012, using the same search strategy; 95 citations were returned. Papers were included in this review if they reported secondary cases of measles occurring in persons traveling on an airplane on which a person or persons with measles also flew, and which included the seating location of both the index case(s) and the secondary case(s) on the plane. Nine reports, including 13 index cases and 23 apparent secondary cases on 10 flights, were identified in which transmission on board the aircraft appeared likely and which included seating information for both the index (primary) and secondary cases. Separation between index and secondary cases ranged from adjacent seats to 17 rows, with a median of 6 rows. Three flights had more than one index case aboard. Based on previously published data, it is not possible to say how unusual cases of measles transmission among air travelers beyond the usual zone of contact investigation (the row the index case sat in and 2 rows ahead of or behind that row) may be. The fact that several flights had more than one infectious case aboard and that all but two index cases were in the prodromal phase may be of importance in understanding the wider spread described in several of the reviewed reports. Although the pattern of cabin air flow typical of modern commercial aircraft has been considered highly effective in limiting the airborne spread of microorganisms, concerns have been raised about relying on the operation of these systems to determine exposure risk, as turbulence in the cabin air stream is generated when passengers and crew are aboard, allowing the transmission of infectious agents over many rows. Additionally, the characteristics of some index cases may reflect a greater likelihood of disease transmission. Investigators should continue to examine carefully both aircraft and index-case factors that may influence disease transmission and could serve as indicators on a case-by-case basis to include a broader group of travelers in a contact investigation. |
Reported cases of measles in international air travelers to the United States, August 2005-March 2008
Edelson PJ , Anderson JA . J Travel Med 2011 18 (3) 178-82 BACKGROUND: In countries with high rates of measles immunization, imported cases of measles represent an important continuing source of measles infection. METHODS: Airlines and state health departments report cases of suspected measles in international travelers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed these reports, maintained in an electronic database, to determine the demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of international air travelers infected with measles. RESULTS: We reviewed 35 confirmed cases of measles in air travelers and analyzed their demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. The median age of case travelers was 17 (range: 4 months-50 years). These travelers arrived from all regions of the world, including 10 countries with immunization rates of measles-containing vaccine below 90% and five others experiencing local outbreaks. Of 17 travelers for whom immunization status was known, 2 had been adequately immunized with at least two doses of a measles-virus containing vaccine, 9 were inadequately immunized, and an additional 6 infants had not been immunized because of age. CONCLUSIONS: Measles importations continue in the United States. Travelers should be aware of the importance of assuring up-to-date immunizations, especially when visiting countries experiencing a local measles outbreak. In addition, parents traveling with infants, and their physicians, should be aware of recommendations regarding the early administration of a dose of measles-containing vaccine for infants at least 6 months old traveling internationally. |
TB transmission on public transportation: a review of published studies and recommendations for contact tracing
Edelson PJ , Phypers M . Travel Med Infect Dis 2010 9 (1) 27-31 SETTING: The risk of transmission when persons with active tuberculosis travel on buses or trains is uncertain and no recommendations have been published for contact investigations on these conveyances. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review of the published studies of tuberculosis transmission among bus or train travelers. RESULTS: Twelve published reports were identified, including one retrospective cohort study and eleven contact investigations. One contact investigation involved train travelers and one involved students on a 6 h bus excursion. The remaining nine involved exposures on school buses or in commuter vans. In eight reports, evidence of tuberculosis infection was found in 8.7%-55% of those tested; six of these studies reported identifying 1-24 cases of active tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: These reports support the need to be alert to the possibility of tuberculosis transmission on buses or trains. However, they do not offer the quantitative estimate of risk needed for defining policy regarding contact tracing for persons exposed on buses or trains. Decisions to carry out contact investigations should take into account the proximity to the index case, duration of exposure, and other risk factors that may affect the infectiousness of the case or the susceptibility of the contact. Additional reports taking these factors into consideration would help clarify the risk of tuberculosis transmission on public transport. |
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of US travelers to Asia regarding seasonal influenza and H5N1 avian influenza prevention measures
Yanni EA , Marano N , Han P , Edelson PJ , Blumensaadt S , Becker M , Dwyer S , Crocker K , Daley T , Davis X , Gallagher N , Balaban V , McCarron M , Mounts A , Lipman H , Brown C , Kozarsky P . J Travel Med 2010 17 (6) 374-81 BACKGROUND: International travel is a potential risk factor for the spread of influenza. In the United States, approximately 5%-20% of the population develops an influenza-like illness annually. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practices of US travelers to Asia regarding seasonal influenza and H5N1 avian influenza (AI) prevention measures. METHODS: We surveyed travelers to Asia waiting at the departure lounges of 38 selected flights at four international airports in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. Of the 1,301 travelers who completed the pre-travel survey, 337 also completed a post-travel survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate prevalence odds ratios (with 95% CI) to compare foreign-born (FB) to US-born travelers for various levels of knowledge and behaviors. RESULTS: Although the majority of participants were aware of influenza prevention measures, only 41% reported receiving the influenza vaccine during the previous season. Forty-three percent of participants reported seeking at least one type of pre-travel health advice, which was significantly higher among US-born, Caucasians, traveling for purposes other than visiting friends and relatives, travelers who received the influenza vaccine during the previous season, and those traveling with a companion. Our study also showed that Asians, FB travelers, and those working in occupations other than health care/animal care were less likely to recognize H5N1 AI transmission risk factors. CONCLUSION: The basic public health messages for preventing influenza appear to be well understood, but the uptake of influenza vaccine was low. Clinicians should ensure that all patients receive influenza vaccine prior to travel. Tailored communication messages should be developed to motivate Asians, FB travelers, those visiting friends and relatives, and those traveling alone to seek pre-travel health advice as well as to orient them with H5N1 AI risk factors. |
Household effects of school closure during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Pennsylvania, USA
Gift TL , Palekar RS , Sodha SV , Kent CK , Fagan RP , Archer WR , Edelson PJ , Marchbanks T , Bhattarai A , Swerdlow D , Ostroff S , Meltzer MI . Emerg Infect Dis 2010 16 (8) 1315-1317 To determine the effects of school closure, we surveyed 214 households after a 1-week elementary school closure because of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Students spent 77% of the closure days at home, 69% of students visited at least 1 other location, and 79% of households reported that adults missed no days of work to watch children. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure